Hölderlin, Greeks, and Germans: A Quest for National Identity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18485/kis.2025.57.186.14Keywords:
Germania, Graecomania, Hölderlin, poetry, philosophy, homeland, nationAbstract
The first part of this paper presents and examines the “fascination” of German thinkers and writers of the late 18th and early 19th centuries with ancient Greece. The visions of Schlegel, Winckelmann, and Schiller regarding the Greeks and Germans introduce Hölderlin’s inheritance and deviation from them, which is given particular attention. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the comments and interpretations of Hölderlin’s legacy. Heidegger’s interpretations, which occupy the largest portion, have elicited reactions from, among others, Adorno, Lacoue-Labarthe, and Brunkhorst. In the debate over Hölderlin's legacy, the text traces their perspectives on Greek-German connections in modernity. The final part of the paper, returning to the beginning of German cultural assimilation and/or appropriation of the Greeks, points to a model of “national identification” in the idealized and unattainable Other – a model in which German thought continues to reflect itself in Greeks and engage with them, with uncertain outcomes, not only regarding the mere correctness of interpretations but also in favor of whose costs and/or benefits this reflection takes place. It is concluded that almost all significant German thinkers and writers of the late modern period felt the need to overcome divisions and heal the fragmented world in which they lived. They “discovered” the lost unity in the social, religious and philosophical life of the ancient Greeks and – in their search for self-determination – (re)constructed both Greece and Germany.
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